It has a mass and size very similar to the Milky Way. so it’s a perfect introduction to what a galaxy is and what they look like. It is a classic spiral, disc-shaped galaxy. It’s located “only” 2.5 million light-years away from Earth. You will always get better results and access to more deep sky objects with clear skies and from a place with low light pollution.Īlso known as M31, Andromeda is the closest galaxy to our own. Remember that sky conditions and location is important. There are millions of galaxies in the observable universe and from your backyard, you’ll be able to observe a few hundred of these. Here’s a small list of the targets that you can expect to reach with a home or enthusiast-grade telescope. Best galaxies you can expect to see with a telescope A large field of view allows you to see larger objects (like nebulas and galaxies) more comfortably and without leaving out parts of them. Second, the shorter the focal length of the telescope, the longer the field of view it has. Both of these features can make a huge difference when it comes to the spectacularity of the images you’ll see. There are two reasons why a short focal length is recommended for galaxies and DSOs.įirst, due to the lower obstruction, these telescopes tend to show brighter images with slightly better colors. The telescope designs that tend to have shorter focal lengths are refractors, Newtonians, and some Dobsonians so our recommendations below will focus mostly on those. If you are a complete beginner, the focal length of a telescope is the distance the light travels inside the telescope’s tube in order to reach the exit point or focuser. We have gone into depth about this in our article about focal length, but to summarize, long focal lengths are better for planetary viewing, and short focal lengths are better for deep sky objects. Focal length to view galaxiesĪfter aperture, the characteristic that matters the most in a telescope to optimize for certain types of objects is focal length. However, in that formula, there’s a number that does matter and that can significantly improve your viewing experience when it comes to seeing galaxies, and that’s the telescope’s focal length, so let’s talk about that. So, don’t worry too much about magnification at this point because you can increase your options later through reasonably priced accessories like eyepieces and Barlow lenses. You can change eyepieces to also get more or less power.The focal length of a telescope can be increased or decreased using certain accessories.The good news is that there are multiple ways to increase and decrease the magnification you get out of a telescope because of two reasons: The magnification is the result of diving the telescope’s focal length by the eyepiece’s focal length. Going beyond that to a magnification of 200x-300x is usually not just unnecessary, but it can be detrimental in most situations. That being said, for most home telescopes, the optimal magnification to view most galaxies and deep sky objects is going to be between 80x and 150x depending on the specific object that you are looking at and the specifications of the telescope. It’s not possible to group them all in such a way that a single magnification is the definitive “best” answer to observe them all and get perfect results every time. When it comes to galaxies, there is a wide variety of sizes, brightness, and types. If you need more information about aperture we have a whole article explaining what it is, but in short, it is simply how big the front lens of the telescope is. For example, if you plan to buy a telescope for camping you will have to consider things like weight and size, but within that pool of options, the ones with the larger aperture should be your top choices. The aperture should be your first consideration when it comes to a telescope and you want to get the biggest one that your budget and viewing conditions allow for. Galaxies are no different than other objects in this regard. More light equals more information which results in an image with more colors, details, and sharpness. The aperture is the most important specification for your telescope because it determines the amount of light the lens is able to capture. The best aperture to view galaxies is the biggest you can get. Skip to recommendations Best magnification and aperture to see galaxies
0 Comments
In the end, your application will look like this: In this section, you will design the UI of the application. Note: RxJS comes bundled with Angular Developing the Audio Player UI Using Angular Material Install it via npm: npm install -save moment Set up browser animations for Angular Material? (Y/n): you can input y (yes) again because you will need animation.Set up HammerJS for gesture recognition?: You can input y (yes) since you need gesture recognition.Choose a pre-built theme name, or "custom" for a custom theme: Choose Indigo /Pink.You can install it using the ng add command: ng add command will ask you three questions: To build your audio player, you will use the Angular Material Library. Having confirmed that you can run the basic app in the browser, you can start building this app by installing the dependencies. In your browser, visit http : / / localhost:4200 / to open the app. Once there, you can simply run: npm start Make angular -audio your current working directly: cd angular-audio (y/N): If you want to share data with Google press y else press N.īefore continuing, make sure you can start your application in the browser. Would you like to share anonymous usage data with the Angular Team at Google under Google’s Privacy Policy at For more details and how to change this setting, see.Which stylesheet format would you like to use? (Use arrow keys): Select SCSS from the options given.Would you like to add Angular routing? (y/N): You can input y (yes) as you are going to use Angular Routing in the app.This command will ask you three questions: You can use also use npx to scaffold the app: npx new angular-audio To do this, issue the following command on a terminal: ng new angular-audio If you are using npm v5.2+, you can use npx to use /cli without installing it by running npx /cli Scaffolding the appĪfter installing all the environment dependencies, you can focus on scaffolding your Angular app. So, if you haven't done so yet, go to the download page of Node.js and follow the instructions there.Īfter Installing it, you will need to install Angular CLI via npm: npm install -g /cli Since you are going to use Angular, you will need to install Node.js in your development machine. To provide a secure user experience through your application, you'll add user authentication through Auth0. To handle media playback in a reactive way, you will wrap JavaScript's Audio object with an RxJS Observable and you will also use RxJS to manage the state of your audio player. So, in this article, you will use Angular and Angular Material (with some other libraries) to easily tackle these challenges. IntroductionĬreating an audio player is always an intimidating task, especially if you think about managing the media's state, reacting to media events, and reflecting these changes correctly on the UI (User Interface). If needed, you can find the final code in this GitHub repository. To secure your application, you will use Auth0. You will handle audio operations and application state using RxJS. TL DR: In this article, you will learn how to develop an audio player app using Angular and RxJS. The next level comes with a Nine blocking out awareness of anything affecting him. Nines will begin neglecting duties and relationships in this stage. This is where the peace-oriented Nine can become obstinate and go beyond distraction into dissociation. Instead, I give you the unhealthy levels of a type Nine:Īt the least, Nines can feel absolutely incapable of facing, let alone actually putting forth effort to solve, any problems. Levels of the NineĮach Enneagram type has Nine levels (not to be confused with the type Nine personality) that are divided into three categories: the top three levels are a healthy manifestation of each type, the second three levels are what an average type experiences, and the bottom three levels are considered unhealthy territory.Īs we’re discussing the type Nine, I won’t delve deeply into the healthy or average levels. That’s how an Enneagram Nine in stress looks in real time, folks! Sometimes, we don’t even realize we’re under stress because our natural inclinations are too good at keeping us distracted. Truthfully, it wasn’t anything hugely stressful that was on my mind. Three, as soon as I had the thought that I felt off, I immediately started brainstorming what I was going to do that day. Two, I did feel a little off and had no idea why. I’m not the kind to read a milk carton, especially when I’m eating with someone. He pointed out that I never ever read the text of a carton in front of me.Īnd it took me a minute to realize a few things. (It’s wonderful and I’m lucky, I know.) As we spooned cereal in silence, my husband asked if everything was alright. My husband and I both work from home, and some mornings we’re even able to eat breakfast together. I caught myself doing this not two days ago. They can come across disengaged and remote. When a Nine retreats into fantasy-land as an escape, they’ll be out of touch with their instinctual strengths. This can be easier to spot when we remember that Nines are both in touch with their physical and inner or spiritual selves, giving them great instincts. I can’t be upset about my present if I’m stuck in my own perfectly tailored fantasy, right? A Nine stuck on the first draft of a novel might walk around plotting the perfect answers to questions a talk-show host will inevitably ask them when their book hits the top charts. A Nine in stress is often a Nine in denial.įirst up, Nines will sometimes escape into mental or emotional fantasies. This exercise might take a glass of wine and some real truth-talk with yourself. Given that a Nine will minimize upsetting feelings until they are terribly undeniable, it can be an incredible help for each Nine to identify the actions and behaviors they engage in without conscious thought when curbing stress. (I certainly am!) We’re headed to action-oriented waters. Where Nines are typically optimistic and creative, these changes cut them off from their own power and make it even more difficult to rise out of the hole they slowly dig themselves in.Ĭheery, no? Don’t feel too uncomfortable. Stressed Nines take on the troubled aspect of a six, not trusting their own minds and minimizing any confidence in their decisions. Nines in this state may double down, trying to gain more stability while self-sabotaging their natural efforts to bring about their goal. This is a Nine no longer self-possessed, but fraught with anxiety and insecurity. However, when complacent Nines are under stress (also known as their “direction of disintegration”), they act more like an anxious and worried Enneagram type Six. A Nine at their best will have stared down their fear of friction and learned how to deal with it calmly and peacefully. Healthy Nines are fully present, to themselves, their relationships, and all the situations in their life. Anything negative can be reframed and kept in a safe, positive light.Īs an Enneagram type 9, understanding how stress manifests and the reasons behind it are healthy and ultimately lead to the positive outcomes we so desperately desire.Īlright my fellow 9s, take a deep breath with me and let’s dive in! When a 9 Becomes a 6 I want to minimize anything remotely upsetting and continue on with my peaceful existence. It’s almost as if I feel a natural, unbidden resistance to the idea of conflict and stress. It’s quite ironic that I, a type 9, continued to put this article on the bottom of my list. PeaZip is available for IA-32 and x86-64 as natively standalone, portable application and as installable package for Microsoft Windows, Linux Versions older than 2.6.1 were vulnerable to an improper input validation weakness, that has been patched in following versions.įrom version 6.9.2 and newer, PeaZip support editing files inside archives (E.g.: Open a text file, add text and save it without unzipping the file) from that version forward, it also supports adding files to subfolders in an already created archive, in addition to maintaining the ability to add files to archives to the root directory. In addition, the program's user interface (including icons and color scheme) can be customized. Other notable features of the program include archive conversion, file splitting and joining, secure file deletion, byte-to-byte file comparison, archive encryption, checksum/hash files, find duplicate files, batch renaming, system benchmarking, random passwords/keyfiles generation, view image thumbnails ( multi-threaded on the fly thumbnails generation without saving image cache to the host machine), and integration in the Windows Explorer context menu. It can also create, edit and restore an archive's layout for speeding up archiving or backup operation's definition. PeaZip allows users to run extracting and archiving operations automatically using command-line generated exporting the job defined in the GUI front-end. The program features an archive browser interface with search and history features for intuitive navigation in archive's content, and allows the application of fine-grained multiple exclusion and inclusion filter rules to the archive a flat browsing mode is possible as alternative archive browsing method. 2.1 Full archiving and extraction support.PeaZip is released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License. PeaZip is mainly written in Free Pascal, using Lazarus. It supports 226 file extensions (as of version 8.6.0). It supports its native PEA archive format (featuring compression, multi volume split and flexible authenticated encryption and integrity check schemes) and other mainstream formats, with special focus on handling open formats. PeaZip is a free and open-source file manager and file archiver for Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, Linux, MacOS and BSD made by Giorgio Tani. Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese (simplified), Chinese (traditional), Czech, Dutch, English, Finnish, Français, Galician, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Sinhala, Spanish, Swedish, Tajik, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnameseįile archiver, file manager, file encryption, data erasure | Empl_Name | last_month_year | last_month | total_days_at_work | total_seconds | total_hours | avg_hours_per_day_worked | avg_hours_per_day_prev_month | WHERE YEAR(t.coming) = YEAR(CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)ĪND MONTH(t.coming) = MONTH(CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 1 MONTH) SELECT e.Empl_Name, a.Date_Time coming, b.Date_Time leaving, TIMEDIFF(b.Date_Time, a.Date_Time) AS timein TIME_TO_SEC(SUM(t.timein))/3600/DAY(LAST_DAY(CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)) avg_hours_per_day_prev_month TIME_TO_SEC(SUM(t.timein))/3600/COUNT(DISTINCT DATE(t.coming)) avg_hours_per_day_worked, TIME_TO_SEC(SUM(t.timein))/3600 total_hours, TIME_TO_SEC(SUM(t.timein)) total_seconds, MONTHNAME(CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 1 MONTH) last_month,ĬOUNT(DISTINCT DATE(t.coming)) total_days_at_work, YEAR(CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 1 MONTH) last_month_year, In the next step we could wrap it in a subquery to calculate the total hours and the average hours per day for the previous month: SELECT | Empl_Name | coming | leaving | timein | INNER JOIN empl b ON e.Empl_Name = b.Empl_Name AND b.Direction = 0 AND a.Date_Time < b.Date_Time INNER JOIN empl a ON e.Empl_Name = a.Empl_Name AND a.Direction = 1 One possible approach is to start with a list of coming and leaving, grouped by employees: SELECT e.Empl_Name, a.Date_Time coming, b.Date_Time leaving, TIMEDIFF(b.Date_Time, a.Date_Time) AS timein Empl_Name TimeInDate AvgTimeDiffSecs SumTimeDiffSecs GROUP BY p1.Empl_Name, DATE_FORMAT(p1.Date_Time_In,'%Y-%m-%d') ON p1.Empl_Name = p2.Empl_Name AND p1.TimeInRank = p2.TimeOutRankĪND DATE_FORMAT(p1.Date_Time_In,'%Y-%m-%d') = DATE_FORMAT(p2.Date_Time_Out,'%Y-%m-%d') (SELECT t.Empl_Name, DATE_FORMAT(t.Date_Time,'%Y-%m-%d') AS `TimeInDate`, SUM(TIMEDIFF(p1.Date_Time_In, p2.Date_Time_Out)) AS `SumTimeDiffSecs` SELECT p1.Empl_Name, DATE_FORMAT(p1.Date_Time_In,'%Y-%m-%d') AS `TimeInDate`,ĪVG(TIMEDIFF(p1.Date_Time_In, p2.Date_Time_Out)) AS `AvgTimeDiffSecs`, Once the two sets are joined then outer query aggregates grouping by Empl_Name and Date for average or total time differences by day. Hence, a rank specifies the first, second, and onward times employee checks in and out, incrementing across all days. Each derived table accounts for Time In records and Time Out records respectively.Īlso, a TimeRank is integrated for those multiple records per day since a join by date outputs all same day combinations but we only want time period pairings (start/end) joined within a day. That is mean that I want to sum work time for every employee andĬonsider a join of derived tables matching Empl_Name and Date (latter pulled from datetime field). +-+-+-+Įxpected output: a1 spent on the workplace 7/30 secs, a2 spent 5/30 secs, a3 spent 4/30 secs. How to write a request that will calculate the average number of hours per day that the employee spent on the workplace for the previous month?Įxample of table. Within one day the employee can repeatedly enter and leave. If the employee enters, then he necessarily leaves on the same day. I have table Time_Periods (Empl_Name, Direction, Date_Time), which stores data on the entry and exit of employees.ĭate_Time - The date and time the action was committed (detailed until a second). Experiments in a smooth-moving vehicle yield the same results as experiments conducted on land. This is the core idea behind relativity, and is the same reason why we don’t feel our planet’s movement around the sun, or our solar system’s movement through the galaxy. There’s no physical experiment you could conduct to tell whether you’re moving or stationary (assuming you’re not peeking out of a porthole). If you are in a closed room on a ship sailing at a constant speed and the ride is perfectly smooth, objects behave as they would on land. In 1632, even before Newton published his now-famous work, Galileo Galilei wrote about the relative motion of objects familiar in his time: ships. You can’t tell if you’re moving (at a constant rate) But before we get to his work, we’ll have to take one more detour. Enter Albert Einstein-a man who was to change the world in so many ways. More than 200 years after the Principia was published, the world was still without an understanding of gravity’s mechanism. Newton was well aware of this when he said, Gravity must be caused by an agent acting constantly according to certain laws but whether this agent be material or immaterial, I have left to the consideration of my readers. But it wasn’t perfect-Newton’s equations produced some incorrect predictions, and, more importantly, he didn’t describe how gravity works the way it does. We acknowledge Newton not just because of his idea, but because he formulated that idea into an equation that made predictions with greater accuracy than ever before. When combined with knowledge of geometry and Newton’s other equations of motion, we can use it to make predictions about the movement of the planets, or the paths of comets, or how much force is needed to get a rocket to the moon. Newton formulated this insight into a mathematical equation, known today as the law of universal gravitation. Newton realised that gravity was responsible for objects falling to the ground and for the orbit of celestial objects. With the right balance, the object is now in orbit around Earth-just like the moon, or like Earth around the sun. The object tries to continue in the path you threw it, but gravity keeps on pulling it back in. But with exactly the right momentum, you can throw it so that it falls continuously around Earth, around and around in an eternal tug-of-war. If you throw it with too much momentum, it will speed away from the planet, beginning its journey into the reaches of space. If you throw it with too little momentum, it will fall towards Earth, captured by gravity like we are ourselves. To come to this conclusion, Newton imagined taking an object far from the surface of Earth, and throwing it. In it, he described that the force that pulls objects towards the ground is the very same force that underlies the motion of the planets and stars. Newton published one of the most celebrated works of science, the Principia, in 1687. Image source: Wikimedia Commons ( Newton / Einstein). Isaac Newton (1642-1726) and Albert Einstein (1879-1955) were pivotal in advancing our understanding of gravity. Let’s begin by looking at why Newton’s laws didn’t provide a complete picture of gravity. If so, we encourage you to keep pushing onwards, as it’s one of the greatest journeys in the history of science. GLOSSARY relativity The general idea that the results of experiments do not depend on the states of motion of observers, some of these concepts may boggle your mind. In this topic we’ll explore Einstein’s dynamic vision of gravity, including the recently measured phenomenon of gravitational waves. And now, 100 years after the formulation of his theory of gravity, another one of its predictions-gravitational waves-has been directly measured, despite Einstein’s belief that we’d never be able to do this. The predictions of Einstein’s theories have been validated time and time again. In Einstein’s view, gravity is far from a static, unchanging force-it is a fundamental part of the structure of the universe, which curves and twists and ripples as objects move and rotate and jostle about. But we had no idea how it worked until Einstein stepped in, painting a strange and unintuitive picture. Or is it?įor hundreds of years we’ve been able to predict the effects of gravity. Gravity is always there-it’s stable, it’s permanent, it’s unchanging. Lift your arm and feel how you are compelled to drop it again. Take a moment to observe the effects of gravity. The quality of cheap ugg boots australia is just superior to what you have dreamt of. They are most iconic and can provide you with a new feeling and enhance confidence. These are just brilliant and fabulous australia ugg boots sale uk. If you have not yet tried ugg boot sale, it's time to own one and feel the difference it can make to your personality. These are one of the favorite fashion accessories for men and women long time ago. Most chic looking cheap Ugg Boots are in fashion now. When these are australia ugg boots, the excitement just gets doubled. Same is the case with trendy looking uggs australia uk. Whether it is ugg australia boots or fashion accessories all means a lot for modern society of today. In this modern and fashionable society, people are pursuing for ugg boots australia sale uk cool, unique, stylish and innovative. So stay tuned! Sending lots of love from Calendar Girl xxx. I’ll be updating the site with news of the record, and constantly adding extra features and remixes as they come. Although I won't be writing any more monthly songs, this is by no means over. Please visit the new feedback page, and let me know which remixes you think are the best. That's why I thought this picture of one of the Barbican towers on a sunny September Saturday was a nice complement to this little seed song. A capsule I buried a year ago that's been stalking me in my dreams, growing into some bizarre beanstalk. Here are all the moments I remember most from calendarsongs. It’s a mirror that got held up to all the other songs. Stupid, stupid! In some parallel universe might live all my best intentions. Of course, I wanted this last calendar song to be perfect. She conveniently drops off her Asian boyfriend Steve (Eddie Liu) when a ‘hot’ stranger shows up at her doorstep wanting to be married to her. Like Devi, Kamala has her own share of shortcomings. Yet another character that throws some light into the socio-cultural commentary that is ‘Never Have I Ever’ is desi belle Kamala (Richa Moorjani), who is doing her PhD from Caltech and is also trying to be a responsible daughter by reluctantly agreeing to an arranged marriage. The friction between the mother-daughter duo is palpable and though they have their moments of familial love, it always comes down to a concept typical in South Asian households-to hold on or to let go. Delhi Belly fame Poorna Jagannathan’s Nalini is a layered character who’s both a softie as well as an advocate of tiger parenting and shows no remorse in admitting that she is struggling to raise her rebellious teenage daughter alone. Standing on the opposite spectrum of it is her career-oriented, well cultured and tough yet loving mother. Devi’s character is drawn out as a needy nerd with a plethora of affable flaws. ‘Never Have I Ever’ is co-creator Mindy Kaling’s part-autobiographical project and has some of the elements one is likely to find in a South Asian household: an overprotective mother demanding chastity, prying ‘aunties’ and a cultural confusion between the West and home-grown values. Devi could be a star student but she is also a nonconformist, which leads to a series of conflicts, both with her seemingly conservative family and the whole other planet living inside of her. A tiger mom, she wants Devi to imbibe the Indian qualities and embrace its traditions. Her pimple-popping dermatologist single mother Nalini is not happy. She straight-up offers to have sex with him. However, her raging hormones reach a whole new level after a brief interaction with Sherwood High School’s hot property Paxton Hall-Yoshida (Darren Barnet). Like most teenagers, grappling with grief and trying to find their own identity in a world full of Instagram-filter enthusiasts and high-slit skirts, Devi seeks solace in an elaborate image makeover plan, booze, boys and sex. When he passed away, Devi had lost her legs to paralysis for three months. REVIEW: Flashbacks show Devi was the apple of her father’s eye (Mohan Vishwakumar, played by Sendhil Ramamurthy). Before she ushers us into her life, Devi makes a declaration-the previous year of her life ‘sucked’ and she wants a way out of all the drama. STORY: A sassy, mean yet charming Indian teenager Devi (Maitreyi Ramakrishnan) living in Los Angeles is aching to embrace the Western ways even as her desi roots are an inseparable part of her world. Materials like glass also block wifi signals. Placing the router in the corner of the house or office will hinder the signal strength in other parts of the building.Īlso, you should find a spot that effectively eliminates wifi roadblocks like refrigerators and microwaves. For optimal wifi reception, the router should be positioned centrally. The solution to your poor wifi signal could be the placement of the wireless router. This article explores six ways to boost your wifi signal. The ease of internet access that a router affords multiple users is defeated when the router’s wifi signal becomes spotty and fails to reach certain areas in the building. A wireless router broadcasts the modem’s signal to different devices at different corners of a building so that they can stay connected to the internet wirelessly. However, keeping multiple devices connected to the internet requires more than just a modem - hence the need for a wireless router. Connecting a single computer to the internet is easily done with a modem. Read 15 Tips for improving password security.Whether at home or at work, staying connected to the internet is important for improving productivity. A secure WiFi password will ensure that illegitimate users are not using your bandwidth. Make you sure your WiFi network is encrypted and protected with a secure password. See also: How to Increase Bandwidth Performance With QoS, you can ensure non-priority bandwidth-hungry applications are not causing everyone else on the same WiFi network to suffer from slow WiFi speeds. QoS allows you to prioritize certain applications over others.
Being female was the only identified risk factor for the use of TCS without prescription. TCS were used without prescription by 43.1% of respondents. Results: A total of 720 participants completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of detailed questions about TCS use and demographic information. Individuals aged 18 years and above who used TCS within the last 2 years were included. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an Arabic questionnaire distributed through social media applications in May 2020 in Saudi Arabia. Purpose: We aim to study the prevalence, predisposing factors, and adverse consequences of TCS use without prescription in Saudi Arabia. Limited studies have been performed in Saudi Arabia to address this issue. Over-the-counter availability of topical clobetasol, lack of knowledge about harmful effects, and lack of counseling on its safety profile by community pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are mainly responsible for its misuse and harmful consequences.īackground: Misuse of topical corticosteroids (TCS) is common and constitutes a serious problem in many parts of the world where they can be obtained without prescription. Conclusion: There was haphazard use of topical clobetasol by females and they were unaware of the adverse effects. In the study, 41.9 % of the females experienced adverse effects, with the commonest one being hair growth on face (23%) followed by dermatrophy (14.8%) with a significant association with frequency of use (p<0.001). Purchasing the cream without prescription (P = 0.025) was significantly associated with age. In 86.2% of the cases, the pharmacists who dispensed clobetasol did not inform the consumer about the harmful effects. JPRI, 31(6): 1-7, 2019 Article no.JPRI.52747 2 Results: Relatives (28.1%), friends (25.6%) and community pharmacists (15.6%) contributed significantly towards using topical clobetasol cream. Methodology: We included 391 participants who only used 'clobetasol' as a topical steroid at the time of interview, responses were collected as per the study tool and analyzed using SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Place and Duration of Study: Randomly selected community pharmacies, well known cosmetic shops and shopping malls of Hail region, Saudi Arabia from March 2018 to June 2018. Public awareness actions can be implemented to warn against the use of topical steroids without proper medical consultation.Īims: The current study aimed to evaluate female consumers' knowledge and practice about harmful effects of topical clobetasol applied on the face for cosmetic purposes. Additionally, Topical steroids are being prescribed and advised by non-medical personnel. Conclusion: Considerable number of university students use topical steroids on the face without knowing its nature. Different recognized side effects were reported. Sources of prescription included dermatologists, other doctors, pharmacists, friends and relatives, beauticians or saloon staff and others. At least 189 had used one of the presented photos (which contained steroids) and 637 said that they did not know that they contained steroids. Only 56 responded as they have used topical steroids on the face in the previous 5 y. Different photos of commonly used topical steroids including combination formulas were shown and asked if they have been used. It included questions about the use of topical steroids on the face for the last 5 y. Methods: An online questionnaire has been sent by e-mail to all students of King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). The aim of this study is to assess the scale of topical steroid usage on the face among the university students. Background: Topical corticosteroids are widely used to treat dermatological problems. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |